(refers to chapter 2)
Friday, November 12, 2010
Wednesday, November 3, 2010
Chapter 5
Doug Engelbart
-one of the pioneers of the hardware and software
-in 1968 he demonstrated his augment system:
-working with a words processor involves many steps
-test is displayed ion the screen and saved on the computers RAM
-save your work periodically because RAM is permanent memory
Editing text:
-navigate to different parts of the documents
-insert of delete text
-move and copy text
-search and replace words and characters
Formating Characters:
-characters are measured by point size = 1/72 inch
-a font is a size and style of type face
-serif fonts have serifs or fine lines at the end of each character
-you can use mono-spaced fonts and proportionally spaced fonts
Formating Paragraphs:
-processing hand written tools
-processing words with software that can reliably recognize human speech
-anticipating a writer's needs, acting as an electronics editor or co-author
What is desktop publishing?
-the process of producing a book, magazine, or other publications includes several steps
-writing text
-editing text
The desktop publishing story
Desktop publishing software:
-image editing software
-page layout software combines the various sources documentsing into a coherent publication
-quark express
-page maker
-adobe
Rules of Thumb
-paperless publishing will be replaced by electronic media
Electronic books: a handheld device that has books on it
The Malleable Matrix
the spreadsheet consists of cells
-addresses (columns and rows)
spread sheets contain:
Things to remember when using word processors and other tools:
DTP makes the production process affordable and easy, and have a sophisticated result
-DTP software: image-editing software, page-layout software, i.e. QuarkXPress.With creating professional-looking documents, one must:
Why DTP?
The Malleable Matrix:
where a spreadsheet consists of cells and addressesSpreadsheets contain: values (i.e. numbers/dates), labels
-one of the pioneers of the hardware and software
-in 1968 he demonstrated his augment system:
- mouse
- video display editing
- mixed test, graphing, and windowing
- outlining
- hyper media
- group ware
-working with a words processor involves many steps
- Entering Text
- Editing Test
- Formating the document
- Proofreading the document
- saving document on disk
- printing the document
-test is displayed ion the screen and saved on the computers RAM
-save your work periodically because RAM is permanent memory
Editing text:
-navigate to different parts of the documents
-insert of delete text
-move and copy text
-search and replace words and characters
Formating Characters:
-characters are measured by point size = 1/72 inch
-a font is a size and style of type face
-serif fonts have serifs or fine lines at the end of each character
-you can use mono-spaced fonts and proportionally spaced fonts
Formating Paragraphs:
- margin spaces
- line spacing
- indents
- tabs
- justifications
Formating the document:
-style sheets
-headers and footers
-multiple variable-width columns
-graphics
-automatic editing features
-hidden comments
-table of contents
-help features (wizard)
-conversion to HTML for web publishing
Word processing is not typing
-use the return of enter key only when you must
--->word wrap moves to the next line
-use tabs and margin guide, not the space bar to align columns
--->text that looks perfectly aligned on screen may not line on paper
Tips:
-don't underline
-use only one space after a period
-take advantage of special characters
Outlines and Idea Processors are effective at:
-arranging information into levels
-rearranging ideas and levels
-hiding and revealing levels of detail as needed
Digital references
-dictionaries, quotation books, encyclopedias, atlases, almanacs, and other references are now available in digital form
-the biggest advantage of the electronic form is speed
-the biggest drawback is quick and easy copying might tempt people to plagrize
Spell checkers
-compare words in your documents with words in a disk based dictionary
---> words might be flagged but you make the decision to Shanie the spelling
Grammer and Style checkers
-analyze each word in context checking for errors of content
-check spelling
-point out possible errors and suggest improvement
Form Letter generators
-mail merge capabilities produce personalized form letters.
-create a database with names
-create a form letter
-merge the database with the form letter to create a personalized letter
--->you can incorporate custom paragraphs based on the recipient's personal data
-each letter looks as if it were personally written
Collaborative Writing tools
-group ware: software designed to be used by a work group
- provides for corroborative writing and editing
- tracks and changes and identifies them by the originator's name
- compares documents versions and highlights differences in documents
-processing hand written tools
-processing words with software that can reliably recognize human speech
-anticipating a writer's needs, acting as an electronics editor or co-author
What is desktop publishing?
-the process of producing a book, magazine, or other publications includes several steps
-writing text
-editing text
The desktop publishing story
- producing drawing and photographs and other graphics to accompany the text
- designing a basic format for the publication
- type setting text
- arranging text and graphics on pages
- binding pages into a finished publication
Desktop publishing software:
-image editing software
-page layout software combines the various sources documentsing into a coherent publication
-quark express
-page maker
-adobe
Rules of Thumb
- plan before you publish
- use appropriate fonts
- don't go style crazy
- view your document through your reader's eyes
- learn from the masters
- know your limitations
- saves money
- saves time
- can reduce number of publication errors
- offers new hope for every individual's right to publish
-paperless publishing will be replaced by electronic media
Electronic books: a handheld device that has books on it
The Malleable Matrix
the spreadsheet consists of cells
-addresses (columns and rows)
spread sheets contain:
- values such as numbers
- labels such as columns and report headings
Things to remember when using word processors and other tools:
- don't underline! Use italics for book and journal titles.
- use boldface for emphasis
- use only one space after a period-take advantage of special characters
- outliners and idea processors
- help with arranging info into levels, rearrange ideas and levels, hiding and revealing levels of detail
Digital References
- dictionaries, quotation books, encyclopedia's and more are now available in digital form
- the biggest advantage is the electronic form is speed!
- the biggest drawback is that people can plagiarize
- synonym finders are computerized thesaurus
- spelling checkers compare words in documents with words in disk-based dictionary
- words may be flagged, but it your choice with what to do with it.
Grammar and style checkers
-analyze each word in context, checking for errors in content, check spelling, and point out possible errors and suggest ideas.
Form letter generators:
- mail merge capabilities produce personalized form letters, create a database with names, and create form letters.
--> merge the database with the letter to create a personalized one.- you can use custom paragraphs based on the recipient's personal data so that every letter looks as if it were individually written.
Collaborative Writing tools
-Groupware is software designed to be used by a workgroup.
Providers for collaborative writing and editing-tracks and identifies changes by originator compares document versions
Possible Word tools to come
- handwritten word processors
- human speech processors (Speech recognition software)
- anticipating a writer's needs, acting as an electronic editor
What is desktop publishing technology (DTP)?
- The process of producing book, magazine, and more that include writing and editing texts.
- Also, produce drawings, photographs to accompany texts-typesetting/ arranging texts on graphics on pages
- Binding pages into a finished publication
DTP makes the production process affordable and easy, and have a sophisticated result
-DTP software: image-editing software, page-layout software, i.e. QuarkXPress.With creating professional-looking documents, one must:
- plan before you publish
- use appropriate fonts
- not go style-crazy
- view documents through the reader's eyes
- learn from the pros
- know the limits
Why DTP?
- saves you: money, time, number of errors,.
- offers everyone the right to publish.
Going beyond printed paper:
- paperless publishing and the web
- electronic books and digital paper
The Malleable Matrix:
where a spreadsheet consists of cells and addressesSpreadsheets contain: values (i.e. numbers/dates), labels
- Formulas allow you to create instructions using mathematical expressions and commandsFormulas can be:
- Relative, meaning that they refer to different cells when they are copied
- Absolute when the formula references never change when they are copied
- Spreadsheets offer many automatic features such as replication of data.
- Automatic Recalculation: in excel, whenever you change anything in the data, it will automatically update itself to those changes.
- Functions: automate complex calculations
- Macros: store keystrokes and commands so the can be played automatically
- Templates: offer ready to use worksheets with labels and formulas already entered.
- Linking spreadsheets together: when changes are made in one spreadsheet, the data is automatically changed and linked to other spreadsheets.
A database is able to help you search for info, and generate reports,
To avoid making big mistakes when using spreadsheets, it's a good idea to plan on what you are going to write before you add any formulas/ values, and when you do add them make sure you have double checked them so that they are readable. Also predict possible issues that you may come across. Lastly, it's important to use spreadsheets as a decision-making aid rather than a decision maker.
Spreadsheet graphics help one take digits and make them into graphics, like in pie and line charts. Certain data works with certain graphics, like when one uses a scatter chart to compare two variables.
Statistical software: Scientific Visualization
-Scientific visualization software uses: shape, location in shapes, color, brightness, and motion to help us visualize data.
-It turns numbers into pictures, and makes the unseen, seen.
-Visualization helps researchers see relationships that are hard or even impossible to see w/ out tools.
Calculated Risks
-Computer modeling uses computers to create abstract models of objects, organisms, organizations, and processes.
-For example: games, businesses, and flight simulation
-Computer simulations are widely used for reasons such as, safety, economy, projection, and more.
GIGO (garbage in, garbage out)
- is the accuracy of a simulation that depends on how accurate its mathematical model corresponds to the system that is being simulated.
- Some of these models suffer from false and hidden assumptions, go astray because of human errors.
- Making reality fit the machine: some simulations are so complex that researches need to simplify models and streamline calculations so that they can run on the best hardware possible.
- No matter what, information can be lost, and loss may compromise with the integrity of the simulation and question it.
The Illusion of Infallibility
Truly Intelligent Agents
- Future users interfaces will be based on agents rather than on tools
agents are software programs that are designed to be managed, not manipulated - Intelligent software agent can ask questions and respond to commands, serve as a guide and coach, and take on goals
- They teach you new applications and answer reference questions
- Help you protest your privacy on and off the net
Wednesday, October 20, 2010
Chapter 1 Digital Planet
Creating community on the living web
-MySpace creates a online community experience for young people
-Flickr joins people to share pictures
Living in a non digital world
-computers are no llonger a luxuryvbut a commodity
- computers and their applications are involved in all aspects of our daily life
Computers in perspective
-every computer follows the basic plan by Lady Locelace and Charles Babbage
-all computers take in input and take out output
The computers versatility is built upon its:
Hardware: the physical part
software: the information which tells how to do work
The first real computers
1939 by Conrad Zuse
-at about the same time the British government was assembling a top secret team of mathematicians and engineers to crack military codes
-1943
-the team lead by mathematician Alan Turning and others completed colossus, considered to many to be the 1st at electronic digital computer
-1939:iowa state university professor John Atanasoff developed what could have been the first electronic digital computer, the ABC (Atansoff-Berry Computer)
-1944 Thanks to a 1 million grant from IBM Jarvard professor Howard Aken developed tje Mark 1
-John Mauchly and J presper Eckert helped the US effort in world war one by constructing a machine to calculate trajectory tables for new guns
--> ENAC electronic numerical integrator and computer
-after the war, Mauchy and Eckert started a Private company called Sperry and created UNIVAC the first general purpose commercial computer
-vacuum tubes were used in the early computers
-transistors replaced the vacuums tubes starting in 1956
-by the mid 1960s transistors were replaced by integrated circuits
Integrated circuits brought:
-increased reliability
-smaller size
-higher speed
-higher effincey
-lower cost
1971 the first microprocessor was invented by Intel engineers
-the personal compiter revolution began in 1970:
-apple
-commodore
-Tandy
Desktop computers havnt completly replaced big computers, which hace also evolved
Embedded Computers
-special purpose computers: dedicated computers that preform specific tasts
--->monetering your heart rate
-->monetering your house security system
-->controlling the temperature and humidity
The program is etched on silicon so it cant be altered
Personal computer:
PCs serve as a single user at a time
common applications include
-word processing
-gaming
-media
Workstations
-High end desktop computers with massive computing power used for high end interactive power
Portable computers: machines not tied to desktops
-handheld computers (PDAs)
-notebooks (laptops)
Servers
Computers designed to provide sofware and other resources to other computers over a network
Mainframers:
-used by huge organizations, such as banks and airlines for big computing jobs
-communicate with mainframe terminals
-multiple communications at one time through process of timesharing
Supercomputers:
for power users who need acess to the fastest most poweful computers made
The emergence of networks
-connect devices together
-1960 internet developed with backing of the US government
The internet explosion- over a billion of people with internet acess by the end of 2005
-electronic mail
-email software
World Wide Web
-led the internets transformation from a test only enviorment into a multimedia landscape incorporating pictures, animation, sounds and video
Web browsers
--> programs that in effect serve at navigable windows into the web
Hypertest links
--> millions of web pages tied together created by different authors
Internet supports varied activities
-eBay used to make international transactions
In the history of our society we have had:
an agricultural age
an industrial age
-MySpace creates a online community experience for young people
-Flickr joins people to share pictures
Living in a non digital world
-computers are no llonger a luxuryvbut a commodity
- computers and their applications are involved in all aspects of our daily life
Computers in perspective
-every computer follows the basic plan by Lady Locelace and Charles Babbage
-all computers take in input and take out output
The computers versatility is built upon its:
Hardware: the physical part
software: the information which tells how to do work
The first real computers
1939 by Conrad Zuse
-at about the same time the British government was assembling a top secret team of mathematicians and engineers to crack military codes
-1943
-the team lead by mathematician Alan Turning and others completed colossus, considered to many to be the 1st at electronic digital computer
-1939:iowa state university professor John Atanasoff developed what could have been the first electronic digital computer, the ABC (Atansoff-Berry Computer)
-1944 Thanks to a 1 million grant from IBM Jarvard professor Howard Aken developed tje Mark 1
-John Mauchly and J presper Eckert helped the US effort in world war one by constructing a machine to calculate trajectory tables for new guns
--> ENAC electronic numerical integrator and computer
-after the war, Mauchy and Eckert started a Private company called Sperry and created UNIVAC the first general purpose commercial computer
-vacuum tubes were used in the early computers
-transistors replaced the vacuums tubes starting in 1956
-by the mid 1960s transistors were replaced by integrated circuits
Integrated circuits brought:
-increased reliability
-smaller size
-higher speed
-higher effincey
-lower cost
1971 the first microprocessor was invented by Intel engineers
-the personal compiter revolution began in 1970:
-apple
-commodore
-Tandy
Desktop computers havnt completly replaced big computers, which hace also evolved
Embedded Computers
-special purpose computers: dedicated computers that preform specific tasts
--->monetering your heart rate
-->monetering your house security system
-->controlling the temperature and humidity
The program is etched on silicon so it cant be altered
Personal computer:
PCs serve as a single user at a time
common applications include
-word processing
-gaming
-media
Workstations
-High end desktop computers with massive computing power used for high end interactive power
Portable computers: machines not tied to desktops
-handheld computers (PDAs)
-notebooks (laptops)
Servers
Computers designed to provide sofware and other resources to other computers over a network
Mainframers:
-used by huge organizations, such as banks and airlines for big computing jobs
-communicate with mainframe terminals
-multiple communications at one time through process of timesharing
Supercomputers:
for power users who need acess to the fastest most poweful computers made
The emergence of networks
-connect devices together
-1960 internet developed with backing of the US government
The internet explosion- over a billion of people with internet acess by the end of 2005
-electronic mail
-email software
World Wide Web
-led the internets transformation from a test only enviorment into a multimedia landscape incorporating pictures, animation, sounds and video
Web browsers
--> programs that in effect serve at navigable windows into the web
Hypertest links
--> millions of web pages tied together created by different authors
Internet supports varied activities
-eBay used to make international transactions
In the history of our society we have had:
an agricultural age
an industrial age
Wednesday, October 13, 2010
Chapter 4 last part
Interface
interfaces will be built around emerging develpoment technologies such as:
-end of applications
-natural language interfaces
-agents
-virtual realities
File managament
-data madagment can be difficult
--> solution: organize data files logically
-Both Windows and Macs have folder systems such as:
-My Documents
-My Pictures
-My music
File Management Utilities
-view, rename, copy, paste, cut, move, and delete files and folders
-hierarchies help with organization
-help with locating files
-get size, file time and modification dates
Managing files from applications
-operations: open, save as, save, and close
Defragmentation
-eliminates fragements in a file by changing the assignemt of clousters to files
Software piracy
definition: illigeal duplication of copyrighted software
Intellectual property and the law
-includes tje results of intellectual activiteis in the arts, science and industry.
-the information age requires tje outdated and inconsistent intellectual property laws to be changed and adapted
The WIMP (windows, icons, menus, and pointing devices)
interface is easier to learn and use then earlier character baed interface
The SILK
interface incorporated many important emerging user interfaces software technologies such as:
speecha dn language
image
knowledge
interfaces will be built around emerging develpoment technologies such as:
-end of applications
-natural language interfaces
-agents
-virtual realities
File managament
-data madagment can be difficult
--> solution: organize data files logically
-Both Windows and Macs have folder systems such as:
-My Documents
-My Pictures
-My music
File Management Utilities
-view, rename, copy, paste, cut, move, and delete files and folders
-hierarchies help with organization
-help with locating files
-get size, file time and modification dates
Managing files from applications
-operations: open, save as, save, and close
Defragmentation
-eliminates fragements in a file by changing the assignemt of clousters to files
Software piracy
definition: illigeal duplication of copyrighted software
Intellectual property and the law
-includes tje results of intellectual activiteis in the arts, science and industry.
-the information age requires tje outdated and inconsistent intellectual property laws to be changed and adapted
The WIMP (windows, icons, menus, and pointing devices)
interface is easier to learn and use then earlier character baed interface
The SILK
interface incorporated many important emerging user interfaces software technologies such as:
speecha dn language
image
knowledge
Wednesday, September 29, 2010
Chapter 4 continued
Software application: Tools for Users
Customer applications
Many software companies have replaced their printed documentation with:
-tutorials
-reference materials
-help files
-online help
Upgrading
Users can upgrade a program to the newer version by paying an upgrade fee to the software manufacturer
-newer releases often have additional features and fewer bugs
Compatibility
It allows software to function properly with the hardware, operating systems and phripherlas
- Programs written for one type of computer system may not work on one another
Disclaimers
Software manufacturers limit their liability for software problems by selling software 'as is'
Licensing
Commercial software is copyrighted so it can't be legally duplicated and distributed to others
-software license
-volume license
Distribution
Software is distributed via:
-direct sale
-retail stores
-mail-order catalogs
-websites
(not all software is copyrighted such as public domain software or shareware)
Web Applications
Web applications are divided into 7 categories:
1. Some sample web applications preform simple data-processing tasks that could also be preformed by traditional programs running on stand-alone PCs
2. Most Web applications take advantage of the Wen's connectivity
3. Many Web applications leverage on the Web's strength as a huge repository of information
4. Some Webs Applications support online business transactions
5. News oriented Web applications provide up to the minute reports on a myriad of subjects
6. Other Web applications support a more traditional form of information broadcasting
The hardware-software connection
Operating system functions:
-it supports multitasking
-manages virtual memmory
-maintains file systems
-responsible for authentication and authorization
System software:
-a class of software that includes . . .
Utility programs
-serve as tools for doing system maintainance and repairs that arn't automatically handled by the operating system
This makes it easier for users to:
-copy files between storage devices
-repair damaged fata files
-translate files so other programs may use them
-guard against viruses and other potentially harmful programs
-compose files so they take up less disk space
-preform other importnat tasks
Symantic Norton utilities is a popular utility package that includes software tools for recovering damaged files, repairing damaged disks and improving daily proformance
Device drivers
Where the operating system lives
-some computers store their operating system in the ROM
-others include only part of it in the ROM
--> the remainder of the operating system is located into memory in a process called booting, which occurs when you turn on your computer
Linux
-Linux is free for anyone to use
-UNIX remains the dominant operating system for Internet servers
-some forms of UNIX is available for personal computers, workstations, servers, mainframes, and super computers
Customer applications
Many software companies have replaced their printed documentation with:
-tutorials
-reference materials
-help files
-online help
Upgrading
Users can upgrade a program to the newer version by paying an upgrade fee to the software manufacturer
-newer releases often have additional features and fewer bugs
Compatibility
It allows software to function properly with the hardware, operating systems and phripherlas
- Programs written for one type of computer system may not work on one another
Disclaimers
Software manufacturers limit their liability for software problems by selling software 'as is'
Licensing
Commercial software is copyrighted so it can't be legally duplicated and distributed to others
-software license
-volume license
Distribution
Software is distributed via:
-direct sale
-retail stores
-mail-order catalogs
-websites
(not all software is copyrighted such as public domain software or shareware)
Web Applications
Web applications are divided into 7 categories:
1. Some sample web applications preform simple data-processing tasks that could also be preformed by traditional programs running on stand-alone PCs
2. Most Web applications take advantage of the Wen's connectivity
3. Many Web applications leverage on the Web's strength as a huge repository of information
4. Some Webs Applications support online business transactions
5. News oriented Web applications provide up to the minute reports on a myriad of subjects
6. Other Web applications support a more traditional form of information broadcasting
The hardware-software connection
Operating system functions:
-it supports multitasking
-manages virtual memmory
-maintains file systems
-responsible for authentication and authorization
System software:
-a class of software that includes . . .
Utility programs
-serve as tools for doing system maintainance and repairs that arn't automatically handled by the operating system
This makes it easier for users to:
-copy files between storage devices
-repair damaged fata files
-translate files so other programs may use them
-guard against viruses and other potentially harmful programs
-compose files so they take up less disk space
-preform other importnat tasks
Symantic Norton utilities is a popular utility package that includes software tools for recovering damaged files, repairing damaged disks and improving daily proformance
Device drivers
Where the operating system lives
-some computers store their operating system in the ROM
-others include only part of it in the ROM
--> the remainder of the operating system is located into memory in a process called booting, which occurs when you turn on your computer
Linux
-Linux is free for anyone to use
-UNIX remains the dominant operating system for Internet servers
-some forms of UNIX is available for personal computers, workstations, servers, mainframes, and super computers
Friday, September 24, 2010
Chapter 4 Ghost in the machine
Linus Torvalds
-best known example of open source software
--> the source can be used by anyone and anyone can change the code behind it
examples: film and animation workstations, scientific computers
3 Major catagories of software:
-compilers and other translator programs: enable people to make other software
-software applications: productivity tools to help computer users solve problems
-system software: coordinate hardware operations and does behind the scenes work the computer barely sees
Processing with programs
-computers are equipped to produce whatever the user wants
OS vs. Application software
A fast stupid computer
-programmers begin with an algorithm: step by step instuructions
-steps are often ambiguous, error-prone generalities
-steps are translated into the vocabulary of a programing language
The language of computers:
-machine languages: numeric codes that represent data
-high-level language: falls between machine language and human language
--> computers translate high level language into machine language
-natural language: resembles language spoken by humans
-best known example of open source software
--> the source can be used by anyone and anyone can change the code behind it
examples: film and animation workstations, scientific computers
3 Major catagories of software:
-compilers and other translator programs: enable people to make other software
-software applications: productivity tools to help computer users solve problems
-system software: coordinate hardware operations and does behind the scenes work the computer barely sees
Processing with programs
-computers are equipped to produce whatever the user wants
OS vs. Application software
A fast stupid computer
-programmers begin with an algorithm: step by step instuructions
-steps are often ambiguous, error-prone generalities
-steps are translated into the vocabulary of a programing language
The language of computers:
-machine languages: numeric codes that represent data
-high-level language: falls between machine language and human language
--> computers translate high level language into machine language
-natural language: resembles language spoken by humans
Tuesday, September 21, 2010
IT News Presentation
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-11342802
Facebook Places location-aware service launches in UK
The service allows users to see where friends are, near and far
Facebook has launched its location-based Places service in the UK.
It allows people to "check in" wherever they are and see who among their friends and other Facebook users is - or has been - at the same location.
The service also lists nearby businesses and attractions, and Facebook will target the locations it lists to each Places user.
It has numerous privacy controls in place to control the amount of location information that is shared.
Places is available in the US and now the UK for the iPhone and select other smartphones through Facebook's mobile site, with other countries to come.
Michael Sharon, product manager for Places, said that the firm was working on developing the application for Blackberry and devices running the Android operating system.
He added that the firm has made Places' API - the software that allows other programs to interface with it - available, so that Places will be able to integrate with existing location-aware services such as Foursquare.
"We started seeing that in status updates people were saying things like 'going to the gym' or 'hanging out with Joe and Sue'," Mr Sharon said at the UK launch.
"We realised that this is something that people do every single day, telling their friends where they are.
"The natural thing is to build a product that takes advantage of this and makes it easier, more convenient and more social for them to do what they're already doing."
The service allows people to access "Place pages" wherever they are, indicating local points of interest and listing people who are "Here Now" and friends who have visited the place.
Users can then "check in" to the location, making themselves visible to their friends, to everyone on Facebook, or to no-one at all.
The location information can then appear on a user's wall and newsfeed; however, the default setting is that only Facebook friends can see the check-in.
Places allows users to "tag" friends with them, prompting privacy concerns
Mr Sharon stressed that there were also a number of security features in place for minors; for example, only a minor user's friends will be able to see check-ins.
Josh Feldberg, a digital consultant attending the UK launch, told BBC News that the sheer size of Facebook's user base would make it more successful than other location-aware services such as Gowalla and Foursquare.
"It makes my location check-ins more useful; Foursquare's a bit of fun but only a couple of times has it led to actual offline meetups; with Facebook, the people on there are more my close friends and family."
Advertisements will not be linked to Place pages, but rather targeted at specific users; Mr Feldberg said the location-aware service could offer new types of content.
"It could help with their advertising revenue but their ads are already quite targeted; from a marketing point of view for businesses it offers interesting opportunities. You could do reward schemes for people who check in at a certain business, for example."
Rik Ferguson of security firm Trend Micro, trialled the service as it was launched on Friday. He raised a number of concerns about the functionality that allows users to check in their friends at a given location.
"One of the major issues is the way that Facebook have implemented his functionality," Mr Ferguson told BBC News.
"By default, users are opted in to the ability to be tagged by their friends, they are opted in to allowing their friends' Facebook apps to access their location information, and they are opted in to allowing 'non-friends' checked-in to the same place to see their whereabouts.
"This is all backwards - this should be deployed on a purely opt-in basis and no information about my whereabouts should be posted without my explicit consent, every single time a post is made."
The service allows users to see where friends are, near and far
Facebook has launched its location-based Places service in the UK.
It allows people to "check in" wherever they are and see who among their friends and other Facebook users is - or has been - at the same location.
The service also lists nearby businesses and attractions, and Facebook will target the locations it lists to each Places user.
It has numerous privacy controls in place to control the amount of location information that is shared.
Places is available in the US and now the UK for the iPhone and select other smartphones through Facebook's mobile site, with other countries to come.
Michael Sharon, product manager for Places, said that the firm was working on developing the application for Blackberry and devices running the Android operating system.
He added that the firm has made Places' API - the software that allows other programs to interface with it - available, so that Places will be able to integrate with existing location-aware services such as Foursquare.
"We started seeing that in status updates people were saying things like 'going to the gym' or 'hanging out with Joe and Sue'," Mr Sharon said at the UK launch.
"We realised that this is something that people do every single day, telling their friends where they are.
"The natural thing is to build a product that takes advantage of this and makes it easier, more convenient and more social for them to do what they're already doing."
The service allows people to access "Place pages" wherever they are, indicating local points of interest and listing people who are "Here Now" and friends who have visited the place.
Users can then "check in" to the location, making themselves visible to their friends, to everyone on Facebook, or to no-one at all.
The location information can then appear on a user's wall and newsfeed; however, the default setting is that only Facebook friends can see the check-in.
Places allows users to "tag" friends with them, prompting privacy concerns
Mr Sharon stressed that there were also a number of security features in place for minors; for example, only a minor user's friends will be able to see check-ins.
Josh Feldberg, a digital consultant attending the UK launch, told BBC News that the sheer size of Facebook's user base would make it more successful than other location-aware services such as Gowalla and Foursquare.
"It makes my location check-ins more useful; Foursquare's a bit of fun but only a couple of times has it led to actual offline meetups; with Facebook, the people on there are more my close friends and family."
Advertisements will not be linked to Place pages, but rather targeted at specific users; Mr Feldberg said the location-aware service could offer new types of content.
"It could help with their advertising revenue but their ads are already quite targeted; from a marketing point of view for businesses it offers interesting opportunities. You could do reward schemes for people who check in at a certain business, for example."
Rik Ferguson of security firm Trend Micro, trialled the service as it was launched on Friday. He raised a number of concerns about the functionality that allows users to check in their friends at a given location.
"One of the major issues is the way that Facebook have implemented his functionality," Mr Ferguson told BBC News.
"By default, users are opted in to the ability to be tagged by their friends, they are opted in to allowing their friends' Facebook apps to access their location information, and they are opted in to allowing 'non-friends' checked-in to the same place to see their whereabouts.
"This is all backwards - this should be deployed on a purely opt-in basis and no information about my whereabouts should be posted without my explicit consent, every single time a post is made."
Sunday, September 19, 2010
Chapter 3
From person to processor
Keyboard
-The most familiar input device
-Used to enter letters, numbers and special characters
àStandard keyboard
àErgonomic keyboards
To address possible medical problems
àWireless keyboard
àFolding keyboards
Used with palm-sized computers
àOne-handed keyboards
àKeyboards printed on membranes
Pointing Devices
- Mouse
-Touchpad
-Pointing stick
-Trackball
-Joystick
-Graphics tablet
-Touch screen
-Stylus
Reading Tools
-Read marks representing codes specifically designed for computer input
-Optical-mark readers
-Magnetic-ink character readers
-Bar-code readers
-Pen scanners
-Tablet PC
-Smart whiteboard
-Radio Frequency Identification Readers (RFID)
Input: From Person to Processor
Digitizing the Real World
-Scanners capture and digitize printed images.
-Flatbed
-Slide
-Drum
-Sheet-fed
−Digital camera
-Snapshots captured as digital images
-Digital images stored as bit patterns on disks or other digital storage media
−Video digitizer
-Capture input from a:
-Video camera
-Video cassette recorder or television
-Convert it to a digital signal
-Stored in memory and displayed on computer screens
−Videoconferencing
People in diverse locations can see and hear each other
-Used to conduct long-distance meetings
-Video images transmitted through networks
-Audio digitizers
-Digitize sounds from
- Microphones
- Other input devices
-Digital signals can be
- Stored
- Further processed with specialized software
-A digital signal processing chip
compresses the stream of bits before
it is transmitted to the CPU.
-Speech recognition software
•Converts voice data into words that can be edited and printed
−Sensors
-Designed to monitor physical
conditions
- Temperature, humidity, pressure
-Provide data used in:
- Robotics
- Environmental climate control
- Weather forecasting
- Medical monitoring
- Biofeedback
- Scientific research
From Pulses to People
−Screen Output
-A monitor or video display terminal (VDT) displays characters, graphics, photographic images, animation and video.
àVideo adapter—connects the monitor to
the computer
àVRAM or video memory—a special
portion of RAM to hold video images
-The more video memory, the more picture detail is displayed.
-Monitor size: Measured as a diagonal line across the screen
-Resolution: The number of pixels displayed on the screen
-Pixels (or picture elements): tiny dots that compose a picture
-The higher the resolution, the closer together the dots.
-Image quality is affected by resolution and color depth (or bit depth).
-Color depth refers to the number of different colors a monitor
displays at one time.
-Monitor classes
-CRTs (cathode-ray tubes)
-LCDs (liquid crystal displays)
- Overhead projection panels
- Video projectors
- Portable computers
−Paper Output
-Printers produce paper output or hard copy.
-Two basic groups of printers:
-Impact printers
-Line printers
-Dot-matrix printers
-Non-impact printers
Laser printers
−Laser beam reflected off a rotating drum to create
patterns of electrical charges
−Faster and more expensive than dot matrix printer
−High-resolution output
Inkjet printers
−Sprays ink onto paper to produce printed text and
graphic images
−Prints fewer pages/minute than laser printer
−High-quality color; costs less than laser printer
-Multifunction printer or MFP combines a scanner,
printer and a fax modem.
-A plotter can produce large, finely scaled engineering
blueprints and maps.
−Fax Machines and Fax Modems
-Facsimile (fax) machine
-Sending:
-scans each page as an image
-converts the image into a series of electronic pulses
-sends those signals over phone lines to another fax
-Receiving:
-uses the signals to reconstruct the image
-prints black-and-white facsimiles or copies of the originals
-Fax modem
-Connect from PC to fax machine via modem and phone line
-Output You Can Hear
-Sound card
-Enables the PC to:
-Accept microphone input
-Play music and other sound through
speakers or headphones
-Process sound in a variety of ways
-Synthesizers
-Used to produce music, noise
-Controlling Other Machines
-Output devices take bit patterns and
turn them into non-digital movements.
-Robot arms
-Telephone switchboards
-Transportation devices
-Automated factory equipment
-Spacecraft
-Force feedback joystick
Rules of Thumb: Ergonomics and Health
-Choose equipment that’s ergonomically designed.
-Create a healthy workspace.
-Build flexibility into your work environment.
-Rest your eyes.
-Stretch to loosen tight muscles.
-Listen to your body.
-Seek help when you need it.
Storage Devices: Input Meets Output
-Magnetic Tape
-Can store large amounts of information
in a small space at a relatively low cost
-Limitation: sequential data access
-Used mainly for backup purposes
-Magnetic Disks
-Random data access
-Floppy disks
àProvide inexpensive, portable storage
-Hard disks
àNon-removable, rigid disks that spin continuously and rapidly
àProvide much faster access than a floppy disk
-Removable media (Zip & Jaz disks)
àProvides high-capacity portable storage
−Optical Disks
-Use laser beams to read and write bits of information on the disk surface
-Not as fast as magnetic hard disks
-Massive storage capacity
-Very reliable
-CD-ROM
-Optical drives that read CD-ROMs
-CD-R
-WORM media (write-once, read many)
-CD-RW
-Can read CD-ROMs and write, erase and
rewrite data onto CD-R & CD-RW disks
-DVD (Digital Versatile Disks)
-Store and distribute all kinds of data
-Hold between 3.8 and 17 gigabytes of information
-DVD-ROM drives
-Can play DVD movies, read DVD data disks
-Read standard CD-ROMs, and play audio CDs
-Read-only: can’t record data, music, or movies
-DVD-RAM drives
-Can read, erase, and write data (but not DVD video) on multi-gigabyte
DVD-R (but not CD-R or CD-RW) media
−Solid-State Storage Devices
-Flash memory is an erasable memory
chip:
-Sizes range from 16 MB to 1 GB
-Compact alternative to disk storage
-Contains no moving parts
-Designed for specific applications such as
storing pictures in digital cameras
-Likely to replace disk and tape storage
Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts
Personal Computer Design Classes
àTower systems
-Tall, narrow boxes, generally have more expansion slots and bays than
other designs
àFlat desktop systems
-Designed to sit under the monitor like a platform
àAll-in-one systems (like the iMac)
-Combine monitor and system unit into a single housing
-Laptop computers
Include all the essential components, including keyboard and pointing device,
in one compact box
-Ports and Slots Revisited
-The system or motherboard includes several standard ports:
-Serial Port for attaching devices that send/receive messages one bit at a time (modems)
-Parallel Port for attaching devices that send/receive bits in groups (printers)
-Keyboard/Mouse Port for attaching a keyboard and a mouse
-Other ports are typically included on expansion boards rather than the system board:
-A video port is used to plug a color monitor into the video board.
-Microphones, speakers, headphones, MIDI ports are used to attach sound equipment.
-An SCSI port allows several peripherals to be strung together and attached to a single port.
-A LAN port uses faster connections to a local-area network (LAN).
-Expansion Made Easy
-With the PC open architecture and the introduction of new interfaces, you can hot swap devices.
-USB (Universal Serial Bus) transmits a hundred times faster than a PC serial port
-Firewire (IEEE 1394) can move data between devices at 400 or more megabits per second. The high speed makes it ideal for data-intensive work, like digital video.
•FireWire 800, which offers 800 Mbps transfer speeds, was recently introduced on high-end Macintosh systems.
Putting It All Together
-A typical computer system might have several different input, output, and storage peripherals—the key is compatibility.
-Networks blur the boundaries between computers.
-Networked computers may have access to all the peripherals on a system.
-The computer is, in effect, just a tiny part of a global system of interconnected networks.
Inventing the Future: Tomorrow’s Peripherals
Tomorrow’s Storage
-Smaller disks that hold more
-A single electron memory chip the size of a thumbnail that can store all of the sounds and images of a full-length feature film
Tomorrow’s Output
-Flat-panel screens replacing desktop CRTs
-Retinal displays that work without a screen
Tomorrow’s Input: Sensors
-More sophisticated devices will serve as eyes, ears, and other types of sense organs for computer networks.
Lesson Summary
-Peripherals allow computer to communicate with the outside world and store information for later use information.
-The most common input devices today are the keyboard and the mouse. A variety of other input devices can be connected to the computer.
-Output devices perform the opposite function: They accept strings of bits from the computer and transform them into a form that is useful or meaningful outside the computer.
-Storage devices are capable of two-way communication with the computer. Because of their high-speed random access capability, magnetic disks are the most common forms of storage on modern computers.
-Network connections make it possible for computers to communicate with one another directly.
Keyboard
-The most familiar input device
-Used to enter letters, numbers and special characters
àStandard keyboard
àErgonomic keyboards
To address possible medical problems
àWireless keyboard
àFolding keyboards
Used with palm-sized computers
àOne-handed keyboards
àKeyboards printed on membranes
Pointing Devices
- Mouse
-Touchpad
-Pointing stick
-Trackball
-Joystick
-Graphics tablet
-Touch screen
-Stylus
Reading Tools
-Read marks representing codes specifically designed for computer input
-Optical-mark readers
-Magnetic-ink character readers
-Bar-code readers
-Pen scanners
-Tablet PC
-Smart whiteboard
-Radio Frequency Identification Readers (RFID)
Input: From Person to Processor
Digitizing the Real World
-Scanners capture and digitize printed images.
-Flatbed
-Slide
-Drum
-Sheet-fed
−Digital camera
-Snapshots captured as digital images
-Digital images stored as bit patterns on disks or other digital storage media
−Video digitizer
-Capture input from a:
-Video camera
-Video cassette recorder or television
-Convert it to a digital signal
-Stored in memory and displayed on computer screens
−Videoconferencing
People in diverse locations can see and hear each other
-Used to conduct long-distance meetings
-Video images transmitted through networks
-Audio digitizers
-Digitize sounds from
- Microphones
- Other input devices
-Digital signals can be
- Stored
- Further processed with specialized software
-A digital signal processing chip
compresses the stream of bits before
it is transmitted to the CPU.
-Speech recognition software
•Converts voice data into words that can be edited and printed
−Sensors
-Designed to monitor physical
conditions
- Temperature, humidity, pressure
-Provide data used in:
- Robotics
- Environmental climate control
- Weather forecasting
- Medical monitoring
- Biofeedback
- Scientific research
From Pulses to People
−Screen Output
-A monitor or video display terminal (VDT) displays characters, graphics, photographic images, animation and video.
àVideo adapter—connects the monitor to
the computer
àVRAM or video memory—a special
portion of RAM to hold video images
-The more video memory, the more picture detail is displayed.
-Monitor size: Measured as a diagonal line across the screen
-Resolution: The number of pixels displayed on the screen
-Pixels (or picture elements): tiny dots that compose a picture
-The higher the resolution, the closer together the dots.
-Image quality is affected by resolution and color depth (or bit depth).
-Color depth refers to the number of different colors a monitor
displays at one time.
-Monitor classes
-CRTs (cathode-ray tubes)
-LCDs (liquid crystal displays)
- Overhead projection panels
- Video projectors
- Portable computers
−Paper Output
-Printers produce paper output or hard copy.
-Two basic groups of printers:
-Impact printers
-Line printers
-Dot-matrix printers
-Non-impact printers
Laser printers
−Laser beam reflected off a rotating drum to create
patterns of electrical charges
−Faster and more expensive than dot matrix printer
−High-resolution output
Inkjet printers
−Sprays ink onto paper to produce printed text and
graphic images
−Prints fewer pages/minute than laser printer
−High-quality color; costs less than laser printer
-Multifunction printer or MFP combines a scanner,
printer and a fax modem.
-A plotter can produce large, finely scaled engineering
blueprints and maps.
−Fax Machines and Fax Modems
-Facsimile (fax) machine
-Sending:
-scans each page as an image
-converts the image into a series of electronic pulses
-sends those signals over phone lines to another fax
-Receiving:
-uses the signals to reconstruct the image
-prints black-and-white facsimiles or copies of the originals
-Fax modem
-Connect from PC to fax machine via modem and phone line
-Output You Can Hear
-Sound card
-Enables the PC to:
-Accept microphone input
-Play music and other sound through
speakers or headphones
-Process sound in a variety of ways
-Synthesizers
-Used to produce music, noise
-Controlling Other Machines
-Output devices take bit patterns and
turn them into non-digital movements.
-Robot arms
-Telephone switchboards
-Transportation devices
-Automated factory equipment
-Spacecraft
-Force feedback joystick
Rules of Thumb: Ergonomics and Health
-Choose equipment that’s ergonomically designed.
-Create a healthy workspace.
-Build flexibility into your work environment.
-Rest your eyes.
-Stretch to loosen tight muscles.
-Listen to your body.
-Seek help when you need it.
Storage Devices: Input Meets Output
-Magnetic Tape
-Can store large amounts of information
in a small space at a relatively low cost
-Limitation: sequential data access
-Used mainly for backup purposes
-Magnetic Disks
-Random data access
-Floppy disks
àProvide inexpensive, portable storage
-Hard disks
àNon-removable, rigid disks that spin continuously and rapidly
àProvide much faster access than a floppy disk
-Removable media (Zip & Jaz disks)
àProvides high-capacity portable storage
−Optical Disks
-Use laser beams to read and write bits of information on the disk surface
-Not as fast as magnetic hard disks
-Massive storage capacity
-Very reliable
-CD-ROM
-Optical drives that read CD-ROMs
-CD-R
-WORM media (write-once, read many)
-CD-RW
-Can read CD-ROMs and write, erase and
rewrite data onto CD-R & CD-RW disks
-DVD (Digital Versatile Disks)
-Store and distribute all kinds of data
-Hold between 3.8 and 17 gigabytes of information
-DVD-ROM drives
-Can play DVD movies, read DVD data disks
-Read standard CD-ROMs, and play audio CDs
-Read-only: can’t record data, music, or movies
-DVD-RAM drives
-Can read, erase, and write data (but not DVD video) on multi-gigabyte
DVD-R (but not CD-R or CD-RW) media
−Solid-State Storage Devices
-Flash memory is an erasable memory
chip:
-Sizes range from 16 MB to 1 GB
-Compact alternative to disk storage
-Contains no moving parts
-Designed for specific applications such as
storing pictures in digital cameras
-Likely to replace disk and tape storage
Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts
Personal Computer Design Classes
àTower systems
-Tall, narrow boxes, generally have more expansion slots and bays than
other designs
àFlat desktop systems
-Designed to sit under the monitor like a platform
àAll-in-one systems (like the iMac)
-Combine monitor and system unit into a single housing
-Laptop computers
Include all the essential components, including keyboard and pointing device,
in one compact box
-Ports and Slots Revisited
-The system or motherboard includes several standard ports:
-Serial Port for attaching devices that send/receive messages one bit at a time (modems)
-Parallel Port for attaching devices that send/receive bits in groups (printers)
-Keyboard/Mouse Port for attaching a keyboard and a mouse
-Other ports are typically included on expansion boards rather than the system board:
-A video port is used to plug a color monitor into the video board.
-Microphones, speakers, headphones, MIDI ports are used to attach sound equipment.
-An SCSI port allows several peripherals to be strung together and attached to a single port.
-A LAN port uses faster connections to a local-area network (LAN).
-Expansion Made Easy
-With the PC open architecture and the introduction of new interfaces, you can hot swap devices.
-USB (Universal Serial Bus) transmits a hundred times faster than a PC serial port
-Firewire (IEEE 1394) can move data between devices at 400 or more megabits per second. The high speed makes it ideal for data-intensive work, like digital video.
•FireWire 800, which offers 800 Mbps transfer speeds, was recently introduced on high-end Macintosh systems.
Putting It All Together
-A typical computer system might have several different input, output, and storage peripherals—the key is compatibility.
-Networks blur the boundaries between computers.
-Networked computers may have access to all the peripherals on a system.
-The computer is, in effect, just a tiny part of a global system of interconnected networks.
Inventing the Future: Tomorrow’s Peripherals
Tomorrow’s Storage
-Smaller disks that hold more
-A single electron memory chip the size of a thumbnail that can store all of the sounds and images of a full-length feature film
Tomorrow’s Output
-Flat-panel screens replacing desktop CRTs
-Retinal displays that work without a screen
Tomorrow’s Input: Sensors
-More sophisticated devices will serve as eyes, ears, and other types of sense organs for computer networks.
Lesson Summary
-Peripherals allow computer to communicate with the outside world and store information for later use information.
-The most common input devices today are the keyboard and the mouse. A variety of other input devices can be connected to the computer.
-Output devices perform the opposite function: They accept strings of bits from the computer and transform them into a form that is useful or meaningful outside the computer.
-Storage devices are capable of two-way communication with the computer. Because of their high-speed random access capability, magnetic disks are the most common forms of storage on modern computers.
-Network connections make it possible for computers to communicate with one another directly.
Chapter 2 continured
The computers memory
RAM (random access memory)
-used to store program instructions and data temporarily
-unique address and data can be stored in any location
-can be used to retrieve info
-will not remain if power goes off
ROM (read-only memory)
-information stored permanently on a chip
-contains startup instructions and other permanent data
CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)
-special low energy kind of ram
FLASH memory
-used ofr phones, pagers, portable comps etc
Bases Ports and Peripherals
-Information travels between components on the motherboard through groups of wires called system buses or just buses.
Buses:
-typically have 31 or 46 wires
- connect to storage devices in bays
-connect to expansion slots
-connect to external buses and ports
Slots and ports
-Make it easy to add external devices called peripherals
Inventing the future
New raiser etching technology called extra ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) could reduce chip size and increase performance radically
-Super conductors that transmit electricity without half heat could increase computer speed a hundred fold
-the optical computer transmits information in light waves rather then electrical pulses
RAM (random access memory)
-used to store program instructions and data temporarily
-unique address and data can be stored in any location
-can be used to retrieve info
-will not remain if power goes off
ROM (read-only memory)
-information stored permanently on a chip
-contains startup instructions and other permanent data
CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)
-special low energy kind of ram
FLASH memory
-used ofr phones, pagers, portable comps etc
Bases Ports and Peripherals
-Information travels between components on the motherboard through groups of wires called system buses or just buses.
Buses:
-typically have 31 or 46 wires
- connect to storage devices in bays
-connect to expansion slots
-connect to external buses and ports
Slots and ports
-Make it easy to add external devices called peripherals
Inventing the future
New raiser etching technology called extra ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) could reduce chip size and increase performance radically
-Super conductors that transmit electricity without half heat could increase computer speed a hundred fold
-the optical computer transmits information in light waves rather then electrical pulses
Tuesday, September 14, 2010
Net Neutrality
Heres what i understood from my research:
Net Neutraility are some what laws that allow the FCC (federal communications commision) to have power over the internet. The FCC are 5 people apointed by the president who looks over comunications such as radio, television etc. By having power over the internet they can:
-prohibit against degrading wireless internet trafic
-able to see wireless boradband platforms
- authority to adjusut user complaints and give fines against bad actors.
Verizon agreed to voluntarily go by these requirements. Other companies are hopped to follow in suit. But who knows if having the FCC is a good or bad thing.
Although what they are doing may sound like a positive thing for wireless internet, it may also be a bad thing. Who knows how much control the FCC will take? And how will they manage their power? Who knows if they are even qualified?
Sources:
http://googlepublicpolicy.blogspot.com/search/label/Net%20Neutrality
http://www.fcc.gov/aboutus.html
Net Neutraility are some what laws that allow the FCC (federal communications commision) to have power over the internet. The FCC are 5 people apointed by the president who looks over comunications such as radio, television etc. By having power over the internet they can:
-prohibit against degrading wireless internet trafic
-able to see wireless boradband platforms
- authority to adjusut user complaints and give fines against bad actors.
Verizon agreed to voluntarily go by these requirements. Other companies are hopped to follow in suit. But who knows if having the FCC is a good or bad thing.
Although what they are doing may sound like a positive thing for wireless internet, it may also be a bad thing. Who knows how much control the FCC will take? And how will they manage their power? Who knows if they are even qualified?
Sources:
http://googlepublicpolicy.blogspot.com/search/label/Net%20Neutrality
http://www.fcc.gov/aboutus.html
Friday, September 3, 2010
Social issues
Social Issues
-Usually there are two parties with a disagreement. Instead of jumping headfirst into the argument, try to figure out where the other person is coming from. Think outside the box.
-Human need has always been the same, its the way we want it that has changed
-Everything should be brought back to basics
-Ask relevant questions tied to basic needs
Technology:
1. network
2. database
3. middle ware
Social Issues:
1. reliability
2. integrity
3. security
4. privacy
5. anonymity
Application/ Input:
1. education
2. business
3. employment
Clients vs. server
clients is the person being served
Server is the one doing the action
PBX switches- a box that takes the flow and passes it to another (referring to phones)
rowder:
HW: research net neutrality
read news articles first
build vocabulary and understand terms
have an opinion
-Usually there are two parties with a disagreement. Instead of jumping headfirst into the argument, try to figure out where the other person is coming from. Think outside the box.
-Human need has always been the same, its the way we want it that has changed
-Everything should be brought back to basics
-Ask relevant questions tied to basic needs
Technology:
1. network
2. database
3. middle ware
Social Issues:
1. reliability
2. integrity
3. security
4. privacy
5. anonymity
Application/ Input:
1. education
2. business
3. employment
Clients vs. server
clients is the person being served
Server is the one doing the action
PBX switches- a box that takes the flow and passes it to another (referring to phones)
rowder:
HW: research net neutrality
read news articles first
build vocabulary and understand terms
have an opinion
Friday, August 27, 2010
Social and ethical issues
Reliability
Reliability refers to the operation of hardware, the design of software, the accuracy of date or the correspondence of data with the real world. Data may be unreliable if it is entered inncorrectly or if it becomes outdated.
For example, a medical record that becomes dissociated from the patient it refers to becomes unreliable.
Weak softwares need constant temporary fixes. They have bugs and defects.
Patch = fix
Integrity
Integrity refers to corresponding of data with itself at its creation. Data lacks integerity when it has been changed accidentaly or tampered with.
Application to specific scenarios
Education and training
USe of IT in teaching and Learning
Education software, online research and forums, virtual learning enviorment (VLE), e-books, Web 2.0 educational networks, use of mobile devices, game-based learning, fully immersive enviorments, filtering and monitoring of studdents internet use, 1-1, m-learning.
Video: Old school, New school
Teachers have to be entertainers to catch the students attention.
A teacher who taught at a school for 30 years has seen the change of technology. Students use spark notes instead of actually reading.
Social impacts:
-By using more technology, you spend more time talking to people who are farther from you rather then talking to those who actually live with you.
Ex. you can use facebook to talk to far away friends but you loose touch with your own family
-By using soo much technology, people stop thinking for themselves and depend on technology to do the thinking for them
-A gap is built between people who know how to use technology from those who have no clue what it is. they can't communicate.
Point count: 1
Reliability refers to the operation of hardware, the design of software, the accuracy of date or the correspondence of data with the real world. Data may be unreliable if it is entered inncorrectly or if it becomes outdated.
For example, a medical record that becomes dissociated from the patient it refers to becomes unreliable.
Weak softwares need constant temporary fixes. They have bugs and defects.
Patch = fix
Integrity
Integrity refers to corresponding of data with itself at its creation. Data lacks integerity when it has been changed accidentaly or tampered with.
Application to specific scenarios
Education and training
USe of IT in teaching and Learning
Education software, online research and forums, virtual learning enviorment (VLE), e-books, Web 2.0 educational networks, use of mobile devices, game-based learning, fully immersive enviorments, filtering and monitoring of studdents internet use, 1-1, m-learning.
Video: Old school, New school
Teachers have to be entertainers to catch the students attention.
A teacher who taught at a school for 30 years has seen the change of technology. Students use spark notes instead of actually reading.
Social impacts:
-By using more technology, you spend more time talking to people who are farther from you rather then talking to those who actually live with you.
Ex. you can use facebook to talk to far away friends but you loose touch with your own family
-By using soo much technology, people stop thinking for themselves and depend on technology to do the thinking for them
-A gap is built between people who know how to use technology from those who have no clue what it is. they can't communicate.
Point count: 1
Green Computing video notes
Green Computing
The impact:
-2% of carbon deoxide due to technology
-one pc is made from 1.8 tons of cehmicals
In the US alot of energy is wasted due to leaving on PC's over night
IBM project big green
2900 servers 30 mainframes
80% saving
Energey saving software is used to fasten things up and work better.
Energy efficient coding could save up energy used by 30%
Computers can be used to
-increase business efficency
-enable dematerialization
-travel reduction
-video conference
Computing has saved more resources that it has consumed
Use laptops instead of PCs
if PCs thin cilents
dont over specify
high efficiency units
replace CRTs
Maintinence
set moniters to low power mode
turn of computer nd other hour appliances after hours
recycle all the time
The impact:
-2% of carbon deoxide due to technology
-one pc is made from 1.8 tons of cehmicals
In the US alot of energy is wasted due to leaving on PC's over night
IBM project big green
2900 servers 30 mainframes
80% saving
Energey saving software is used to fasten things up and work better.
Energy efficient coding could save up energy used by 30%
Computers can be used to
-increase business efficency
-enable dematerialization
-travel reduction
-video conference
Computing has saved more resources that it has consumed
Use laptops instead of PCs
if PCs thin cilents
dont over specify
high efficiency units
replace CRTs
Maintinence
set moniters to low power mode
turn of computer nd other hour appliances after hours
recycle all the time
Wednesday, August 25, 2010
Chapter 2
Input devices: accept input from the outside world
Output devices: send information to the outside world
Data- information
Peripherals - storage devices, input, output
Computer systems are constructed of digital electronics.
The binary system, works with the numbers 1 and 0. We add second columns so all codes won't be the same. By this each computer can have its own unique bionary code.
Bit basics
-information is digital
-digits are countable units
-a bit is a binary digit
binary choise - 2 choices
Bits as numbers:
- binary devotes all numbers with combination of 2 numbers
-decimal numbers are automatically converted into binary numbers and vice cersa
-bionary number processing is completely hidden from the user
Bits as Codes:
-ASCH (american standard code of rinformation interchange)
-Unicode: a coding scheme that supports 65,000 unique characters
Bionary pattern:
1 ----- 1
2 ----- 10
3 ----- 11
4 ----- 100
5 ----- 101
Bits as codes
-ASCII
-->most widely used code
-->an abriviation of American Standard Code for Information Interchange
-UNICODE
-->A coding scheme that supports 65000 unique characters
Bits as instruction in programs
-programs are stored as collection of bits
-program instructions are represented in binary notations through the use of codes
Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords
bit-related terminology
kilobyte = 1 thousand bytes
megabyte = 1 million bytes
gigabyte = 1 billion bytes
terabytes = 1 trillion bytes
Green Computing
The manufacture of hardware and software can have an importance on the enviorment
-buy green equipment
-use a notebook and a solar battery
-use green saving features
-turn off the computer when you're away
-screen savers don't save energy
-print only once
-recycle waste products
Output devices: send information to the outside world
Data- information
Peripherals - storage devices, input, output
Computer systems are constructed of digital electronics.
The binary system, works with the numbers 1 and 0. We add second columns so all codes won't be the same. By this each computer can have its own unique bionary code.
Bit basics
-information is digital
-digits are countable units
-a bit is a binary digit
binary choise - 2 choices
Bits as numbers:
- binary devotes all numbers with combination of 2 numbers
-decimal numbers are automatically converted into binary numbers and vice cersa
-bionary number processing is completely hidden from the user
Bits as Codes:
-ASCH (american standard code of rinformation interchange)
-Unicode: a coding scheme that supports 65,000 unique characters
Bionary pattern:
1 ----- 1
2 ----- 10
3 ----- 11
4 ----- 100
5 ----- 101
Bits as codes
-ASCII
-->most widely used code
-->an abriviation of American Standard Code for Information Interchange
-UNICODE
-->A coding scheme that supports 65000 unique characters
Bits as instruction in programs
-programs are stored as collection of bits
-program instructions are represented in binary notations through the use of codes
Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords
bit-related terminology
kilobyte = 1 thousand bytes
megabyte = 1 million bytes
gigabyte = 1 billion bytes
terabytes = 1 trillion bytes
Green Computing
The manufacture of hardware and software can have an importance on the enviorment
-buy green equipment
-use a notebook and a solar battery
-use green saving features
-turn off the computer when you're away
-screen savers don't save energy
-print only once
-recycle waste products
The Computers Core: The CPU and memory
The CPU: the real computer
CPU (microprocessor)
-interprets and executes the instrustions in each program
-Supervises arithmatic and logcial data manipulations
-Communicationes with all the other parts of the computer system indirectly through memory
-An extraordinary complex collection of electronic circuts
-Housed along with other chips and electronic components on the motherboard
All software is not nessairly compatable with every CPU
-->Software written for the Poer PC family of processors used in Macintosh computers wont run on Intel processors
-->Programs written for Linux can't run on Windows
-Both systems run on PCs powered by Intel's microprocessor
-->CPU's in the same family are generally designed to be backward compatible.
-Newer processors can process all of the instructions handled by earlier models
Preformance
-Applications require faster machine to produce satisfactory results
-A computer's overall preformance is determined by:
--> its microprocessor'r internal clock speed
-->Measured in units called gigahertz (GHz) for billions of clock cycles per second
-The architecture and word size of the processor
-->High-end work stations and servers use 64 bit processors
-Techniques for speeding up a computer's preformance:
-Parallel processing
-Server clusters
The CPU: the real computer
CPU (microprocessor)
-interprets and executes the instrustions in each program
-Supervises arithmatic and logcial data manipulations
-Communicationes with all the other parts of the computer system indirectly through memory
-An extraordinary complex collection of electronic circuts
-Housed along with other chips and electronic components on the motherboard
All software is not nessairly compatable with every CPU
-->Software written for the Poer PC family of processors used in Macintosh computers wont run on Intel processors
-->Programs written for Linux can't run on Windows
-Both systems run on PCs powered by Intel's microprocessor
-->CPU's in the same family are generally designed to be backward compatible.
-Newer processors can process all of the instructions handled by earlier models
Preformance
-Applications require faster machine to produce satisfactory results
-A computer's overall preformance is determined by:
--> its microprocessor'r internal clock speed
-->Measured in units called gigahertz (GHz) for billions of clock cycles per second
-The architecture and word size of the processor
-->High-end work stations and servers use 64 bit processors
-Techniques for speeding up a computer's preformance:
-Parallel processing
-Server clusters
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