Social and ethical issues

Reliability
Reliability refers to the operation of hardware, the design of software, the accuracy of date or the correspondence of data with the real world. Data may be unreliable if it is entered inncorrectly or if it becomes outdated.
For example, a medical record that becomes dissociated from the patient it refers to becomes unreliable.
Weak softwares need constant temporary fixes. They have bugs and defects.
Patch = fix

Integrity
Integrity refers to corresponding of data with itself at its creation. Data lacks integerity when it has been changed accidentaly or tampered with.

Application to specific scenarios
Education and training
USe of IT in teaching and Learning
Education software, online research and forums, virtual learning enviorment (VLE), e-books, Web 2.0 educational networks, use of mobile devices, game-based learning, fully immersive enviorments, filtering and monitoring of studdents internet use, 1-1, m-learning.

Video: Old school, New school
Teachers have to be entertainers to catch the students attention.
A teacher who taught at a school for 30 years has seen the change of technology. Students use spark notes instead of actually reading.

Social impacts:
-By using more technology, you spend more time talking to people who are farther from you rather then talking to those who actually live with you.
Ex. you can use facebook to talk to far away friends but you loose touch with your own family
-By using soo much technology, people stop thinking for themselves and depend on technology to do the thinking for them
-A gap is built between people who know how to use technology from those who have no clue what it is. they can't communicate.
Point count: 1

Green Computing video notes

Green Computing
The impact:
-2% of carbon deoxide due to technology
-one pc is made from 1.8 tons of cehmicals

In the US alot of energy is wasted due to leaving on PC's over night
IBM project big green
2900 servers 30 mainframes
80% saving

Energey saving software is used to fasten things up and work better.
Energy efficient coding could save up energy used by 30%

Computers can be used to
-increase business efficency
-enable dematerialization
-travel reduction
-video conference

Computing has saved more resources that it has consumed

Use laptops instead of PCs
if PCs thin cilents
dont over specify
high efficiency units
replace CRTs

Maintinence
set moniters to low power mode
turn of computer nd other hour appliances after hours
recycle all the time

Chapter 2

Input devices: accept input from the outside world
Output devices: send information to the outside world
Data- information
Peripherals - storage devices, input, output

Computer systems are constructed of digital electronics.

The binary system, works with the numbers 1 and 0. We add second columns so all codes won't be the same. By this each computer can have its own unique bionary code.

Bit basics
-information is digital
-digits are countable units
-a bit is a binary digit
binary choise - 2 choices

Bits as numbers:
- binary devotes all numbers with combination of 2 numbers
-decimal numbers are automatically converted into binary numbers and vice cersa
-bionary number processing is completely hidden from the user

Bits as Codes:
-ASCH (american standard code of rinformation interchange)
-Unicode: a coding scheme that supports 65,000 unique characters

Bionary pattern:
1 ----- 1
2 ----- 10
3 ----- 11
4 ----- 100
5 ----- 101

Bits as codes
-ASCII
-->most widely used code
-->an abriviation of American Standard Code for Information Interchange
-UNICODE
-->A coding scheme that supports 65000 unique characters

Bits as instruction in programs
-programs are stored as collection of bits
-program instructions are represented in binary notations through the use of codes

Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords
bit-related terminology

kilobyte = 1 thousand bytes
megabyte = 1 million bytes
gigabyte = 1 billion bytes
terabytes = 1 trillion bytes

Green Computing
The manufacture of hardware and software can have an importance on the enviorment
-buy green equipment
-use a notebook and a solar battery
-use green saving features
-turn off the computer when you're away
-screen savers don't save energy
-print only once
-recycle waste products

The Computers Core: The CPU and memory
The CPU: the real computer
CPU (microprocessor)
-interprets and executes the instrustions in each program
-Supervises arithmatic and logcial data manipulations
-Communicationes with all the other parts of the computer system indirectly through memory
-An extraordinary complex collection of electronic circuts
-Housed along with other chips and electronic components on the motherboard

All software is not nessairly compatable with every CPU
-->Software written for the Poer PC family of processors used in Macintosh computers wont run on Intel processors
-->Programs written for Linux can't run on Windows
-Both systems run on PCs powered by Intel's microprocessor
-->CPU's in the same family are generally designed to be backward compatible.
-Newer processors can process all of the instructions handled by earlier models

Preformance
-Applications require faster machine to produce satisfactory results
-A computer's overall preformance is determined by:
--> its microprocessor'r internal clock speed
-->Measured in units called gigahertz (GHz) for billions of clock cycles per second
-The architecture and word size of the processor
-->High-end work stations and servers use 64 bit processors

-Techniques for speeding up a computer's preformance:
-Parallel processing
-Server clusters