Input devices: accept input from the outside world
Output devices: send information to the outside world
Data- information
Peripherals - storage devices, input, output
Computer systems are constructed of digital electronics.
The binary system, works with the numbers 1 and 0. We add second columns so all codes won't be the same. By this each computer can have its own unique bionary code.
Bit basics
-information is digital
-digits are countable units
-a bit is a binary digit
binary choise - 2 choices
Bits as numbers:
- binary devotes all numbers with combination of 2 numbers
-decimal numbers are automatically converted into binary numbers and vice cersa
-bionary number processing is completely hidden from the user
Bits as Codes:
-ASCH (american standard code of rinformation interchange)
-Unicode: a coding scheme that supports 65,000 unique characters
Bionary pattern:
1 ----- 1
2 ----- 10
3 ----- 11
4 ----- 100
5 ----- 101
Bits as codes
-ASCII
-->most widely used code
-->an abriviation of American Standard Code for Information Interchange
-UNICODE
-->A coding scheme that supports 65000 unique characters
Bits as instruction in programs
-programs are stored as collection of bits
-program instructions are represented in binary notations through the use of codes
Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords
bit-related terminology
kilobyte = 1 thousand bytes
megabyte = 1 million bytes
gigabyte = 1 billion bytes
terabytes = 1 trillion bytes
Green Computing
The manufacture of hardware and software can have an importance on the enviorment
-buy green equipment
-use a notebook and a solar battery
-use green saving features
-turn off the computer when you're away
-screen savers don't save energy
-print only once
-recycle waste products
Output devices: send information to the outside world
Data- information
Peripherals - storage devices, input, output
Computer systems are constructed of digital electronics.
The binary system, works with the numbers 1 and 0. We add second columns so all codes won't be the same. By this each computer can have its own unique bionary code.
Bit basics
-information is digital
-digits are countable units
-a bit is a binary digit
binary choise - 2 choices
Bits as numbers:
- binary devotes all numbers with combination of 2 numbers
-decimal numbers are automatically converted into binary numbers and vice cersa
-bionary number processing is completely hidden from the user
Bits as Codes:
-ASCH (american standard code of rinformation interchange)
-Unicode: a coding scheme that supports 65,000 unique characters
Bionary pattern:
1 ----- 1
2 ----- 10
3 ----- 11
4 ----- 100
5 ----- 101
Bits as codes
-ASCII
-->most widely used code
-->an abriviation of American Standard Code for Information Interchange
-UNICODE
-->A coding scheme that supports 65000 unique characters
Bits as instruction in programs
-programs are stored as collection of bits
-program instructions are represented in binary notations through the use of codes
Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords
bit-related terminology
kilobyte = 1 thousand bytes
megabyte = 1 million bytes
gigabyte = 1 billion bytes
terabytes = 1 trillion bytes
Green Computing
The manufacture of hardware and software can have an importance on the enviorment
-buy green equipment
-use a notebook and a solar battery
-use green saving features
-turn off the computer when you're away
-screen savers don't save energy
-print only once
-recycle waste products
The Computers Core: The CPU and memory
The CPU: the real computer
CPU (microprocessor)
-interprets and executes the instrustions in each program
-Supervises arithmatic and logcial data manipulations
-Communicationes with all the other parts of the computer system indirectly through memory
-An extraordinary complex collection of electronic circuts
-Housed along with other chips and electronic components on the motherboard
All software is not nessairly compatable with every CPU
-->Software written for the Poer PC family of processors used in Macintosh computers wont run on Intel processors
-->Programs written for Linux can't run on Windows
-Both systems run on PCs powered by Intel's microprocessor
-->CPU's in the same family are generally designed to be backward compatible.
-Newer processors can process all of the instructions handled by earlier models
Preformance
-Applications require faster machine to produce satisfactory results
-A computer's overall preformance is determined by:
--> its microprocessor'r internal clock speed
-->Measured in units called gigahertz (GHz) for billions of clock cycles per second
-The architecture and word size of the processor
-->High-end work stations and servers use 64 bit processors
-Techniques for speeding up a computer's preformance:
-Parallel processing
-Server clusters
The CPU: the real computer
CPU (microprocessor)
-interprets and executes the instrustions in each program
-Supervises arithmatic and logcial data manipulations
-Communicationes with all the other parts of the computer system indirectly through memory
-An extraordinary complex collection of electronic circuts
-Housed along with other chips and electronic components on the motherboard
All software is not nessairly compatable with every CPU
-->Software written for the Poer PC family of processors used in Macintosh computers wont run on Intel processors
-->Programs written for Linux can't run on Windows
-Both systems run on PCs powered by Intel's microprocessor
-->CPU's in the same family are generally designed to be backward compatible.
-Newer processors can process all of the instructions handled by earlier models
Preformance
-Applications require faster machine to produce satisfactory results
-A computer's overall preformance is determined by:
--> its microprocessor'r internal clock speed
-->Measured in units called gigahertz (GHz) for billions of clock cycles per second
-The architecture and word size of the processor
-->High-end work stations and servers use 64 bit processors
-Techniques for speeding up a computer's preformance:
-Parallel processing
-Server clusters
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