Chapter 6 Graphs, Digital Media, and Multimedia

1.What is the difference between graphics and digital media, and multimedia?
Graphics refers to pictures and images, digitial media refers electronic media that works on digital codes, and multimedia refers to videos.

Tim Berners-Lee Weaves the Web for everybody

-born in London in 1955
-wanted to create an open-ended hypertext system with no boundaries so scientists everywhere can work together
-invented the world wide web
-works at MIT
-heads the world wide web Contortion (W3C)

Painting: Bitmapped Graphics

Painting software:
-paint pixels on the screen with a painting device
-pointer movements are translated into lines on the screen-stores images at 300 dots per or higher

Define Bitmapped graphics.
Pixels: tiny dots of white, blackl, or color that makes images on the screen

Palette of tools mimics real-world painting tools
Bitmapped graphics are pictures that show how the pixels are mapped on the screen
Color depth: the number of bits devoted to each pixel

Resolution: the density of the pixels

2. Define color depth, resolution, and pixels.

Color depth is the ammount of pixels in a image

Resolution is the quality of the pixel.

Pixels are the small dots which make up the picture.

Image Processing: Photographic Editing by computer

-Allows the user to manipulate photographs and other higher resolution images with tools such as Adobe Photoshop
-Far more powerful then traditional photo-retouching techniques
--> can distort and combine photos --> can fabricate images so there's no show of evidence of tampering

Focus on computer graphics

-Digital Photo Management software programs such as apple iPhoto and Microsoft PictureIt! simplify and automate common tasks associated with campturing, organizing, editing, and charing digital images


3. What does digital management software do?
Digital mamagment software sorts out tasks and helps the user do common tasks like editing.

Drawing: Object

oriented Graphics

-drawing software stores a picture as a collection of lines and shapes called object-oriented or vector graphics
-Memory demans on storage are not as high as for bit-mapped images
-Many drawing tools-line, shape and text tools- are similar to painting tools in bitmapped programs


4. Define object- oriented and vector graphics. Whats the difference?
They're the same thing. they are collections of lines and shapes.


PostScript: a standard page-description language for describing text fonts, illustrations, and other elements of the printed page
- used by professional drawing programs such as adobe illustrator article on adobe illustrator and Macromedia freehand.

Bit-mapped Painting (pixels) gives you these advantages

-more control over textures, shading and fine detail
-approximate for screens displays, simulating natural paint media, and embellishing photographs

Object-oriented drawing gives you these advantages:

-better for creating images
-lines are cleaner and shapes are smoother

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Some intergrated programs contain both drawing and painting models

---> allows you to choose the right tool for each job
Some programs merge features for both in a single application
-blurs the distinction between types
-offers possiblities for ammiturs and professionals

Rules of thumb: Creating Smart Art

-Reprogram yourself
-borrow from the best
-choose the right tools for the job
-protect your works


5.What is the difference between drawing and painting?
Drawing uses simple tools to make pictures, while painting has much better results.

Computer Aided Design software:

-allows engineers, designers, and architectures to create design on screen for products randging from computer chips to public buildings
-can test product prototypes
-cheaper faster, and more accurate


6.whats the difference between CAM and CIM?
CAM is when data is fed into a program that controls the parts of the program, while CIM is a almost completed full factory.


-Computer aided manafacturing: is the process by which data related to the product design are fed into a program that control the manafacturing of parts
-Computer intergrated manufacturating: refers to the combination of CAD CAM and is a major step toward a fully anomated factory.

Presentation graphics: bringing lectures to life

-anomates the creation of visual aids for lecture, trainging sessions, sales documents, and other presentations
-creates slideshows directly on computer moniters or LCD projectors, including dtill images, animation, and video clips

Rules of thumb: making powerful presentations

-rmbr your goal
-rmbr your audience
-be stingy with words
-outline your ideas
-keep it simple
-use a consistent design
-be smart with art
-keep each slide focused
-tell them what youre going to tell them. then tell them, then tell them what you told

Dynamic media: beyond the printed page

-modern media constains synamic info, which is info that changes over time or in a responce to a user point
-animation
-desktop video
-audio

Animation: Graphics in Time

-each frame of computer-based animation is a computer drawn picture.
-the computer displays there frames in rapid succession
-Tweening: instead of drawing each frame be hand, the animator can cfreate key frames and objects and use software to help fill in the gaps

Destop Video: Computers, Film, and TV

-analog and digital video
-->a video digitizer can convert analog video signals from a television broadcast or videotape into digital data
-any video digitizers can import signals from televisions, videotapes, video camersa and other sources.
-digital video cameras can capture foootage in digital form
-digital vdieo can be copied, edited, stored. and played back without any loss of quality
-digital video will soon replace analog video for most applicants



7.question what is a video digitizer?
a device that converts videos from tvs to digital data
8.what does nonlinear editing mean?
when you can editi any frame of a video

Video production goes viral

-today most video editing is done using nonliner editing technology
-video editing software: such as adobe premire makes is easy to eliminate extensive footage, combine clips from multiple takes, splice together scenes, create specific effects and preform a veriety of other activities
-morph: are video clips in which one imafe met
amorpheses into another
-data compression/l software and hardware are used to squeeze data out of movies
-audio digitizer:captures sound and stores it as a data file
-synthesizer- an electronic instriment using mathamatecal formulas
-MIDI (musical instriment digital inerface) standard onterface that allows electronic instriments and computers to communicate with each other



9.whats the difference between midi and mp3?
MIDI is a device which allows instriments and computers to communicate with each other, while mp3 is a device which plays the music.



5 steps of a audio digitizer

Rules of thumb: digital audio dos and don'ts

-don't steal
-understand streaming and downloading
-know your file formats
-dont over compress

Samplers, synthesis, and sequencers: digitial audio and MIDI

-multimedia computers can control a variety of electronis musical instrimetns and sound sources using MIDI
-MIDI commands can be interpreted by a verity of:
-->digital samplers
-->samplers
-a piano style keyboard sends MIDI signals to the computer
-->computer interprets the MIDI commands using sequenceing software
-Sequencing software turns a computer into a musical composing, recording, and eiditing machine
-Electriconia- music frdigned from the ground up with digital technology
-->some of the most interesting sequenced music

Dynamic Media: beyond the printed page

-a growing number of musicians depend on sequencers to play along with the musicians in preformances

Hypertest and hypermedia:

hypertest: refers to information linked in non-sequential ways
hypermedia: combined test numbers and graphics and other media in hyperlinked documents
-useful online help
gibe example of hypermedia


10.whats the difference between hypertest and hyper media?
hypertext is linked information while hypermedia is combined text and graphics

11.What is interactive media?
Interactive media is a combination of many devices such as images, sounds, videos, and more so the user can have the best experience.

Interactive multimedia

-A combination of test, graphics, animation, video, music, voice, and sound effects that allows the user to take an active part in the experience
-Requirements: high quality color monitors, fast processors, large memory, CD-ROM drives, and speakers

Multimedia Authoring: Making mixed media

-User authoring programs such as HyperStudio and MetaCard
-Binds source documents together to communicate with users in a pleasing way

Making interactive multimedia work

-be consistent in visual appearance
-use graphical metaphors to guide viewers
-keep screen clear and uncluttered
-focus on message
-give user control
-test presentation with those who are familiarly with the subject

Inventing the future: shared virtual spaces

-Virtual reality: combines visual worlds with networking
-it places multiple participants in a visual space
-Tele-immersions
--->uses multiple camera and high speed networks to create a video conferencing environmental in which multiple remote users can interact with each other and with computer-generated objects
-combines the display and interaction techniques of virtual reality with new vision technologies that allow participants to move around in shared virtual spaces, all the while maintaining their unique points of view


Augmented reality (AR):
the use of computer displays that add virtual information to a person's sensory perceptions


12.Define: tele-immersions.
Tele-immersions is when camera and high speed networks are used together to make a video conference.