S/E Issues:The need to authenticate information

Information needs to be authenticated so that people won't steal others information and say it to be as their own. That way peoples ideas wont be safe and can make money off others ideas. It is not fair to those who make up the actual idea. Like clothing fashions, A designer might make a new type of clothing and want to make money off of it, but if someone steals that idea and makes money off it, its not fair.

Also, the information must be secure before published so the wrong ideas aren't implied to people. That way if someone stole that idea it would be even worse because the wrong ideas will be told to the public.

DB # ?

1- Is the Turing test a valid test of intelligence? Why or why not?
2- List several mental task that people do better than computers. List several mental tasks that computers do better than people. Can you find any general characteristics that distinguish the items on the two lists?

1. I don't think the turning test is a valid test of intelligence because i do not think the question you have to figure out is valid enough. Having to distinguish the humans questions from the computers questions is just s weird task. A math question would be better or so.
2. People are better at doing tasks which involve logic, such as solving an argument and such. Computers are better at solving math problems and getting rid of viruses. As for characteristics, computers have a database of information such as 2+2=4. They will never forget such things so they are better at that. But things such as poems which rely on reading between the lines, and analyzing stuff, humans are better at that.

Article #3 Ban computers from schools for children under 9 years old

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/primaryeducation/7823259/Ban-computers-from-schools-until-children-reach-age-9-says-expert.html

Ch 15 Review Questions

1. Artificial intelegence is the "moving frontier" because it can lead to high improvements in technology to make life easier for mankind. It can makes computers percieve things and help get more logical answers.

2. The disadvantages to AI is that it shortens peoples attention span and it makes us rely more on technology to do our daily jobs. An alternative might be to onhly rely on technology for those things which are to tedious to do by ones self. Although withb the world we live in today, that might be almost impossible.

4. Early machine translation didn't work so well because it translated works literally. Phrases which weren't ment as they were said, came back in weird translations. As an example, "out of sight, out of mind" because "invisible idiot." Basically, a fail.

5, The reason it is hard for a robot to understand the meaning of "time flies like an arrow" is because the meaning of this isn't a literal one. The meaning is in between the lines and a robot can't think like humans. The quote means that time goes by so fast, that it can be compared to an arrow. Time flies by without us even realizing it.

6. Syntax is the arrangement of a sentence while semantics is the underlying meaning of a word. It is impossible for a sentence to have proper syntax but not semantics. The sentence has to include both to have a proper sentence.

7. A knowledge base contains a system of rules for determining and changing the relationship among facts in a database, while a expert system is designed to replicate the decision-making process of a human expert. It requires a knowledge base so that when a robot is trying to make ethical decisions, it can look to the knowledge base and make sure it isn't going against any morals.

9. What made machine vision so challenging was the fact that it took alot of memmory processing power to make sence of the image.

14. The main difference between a robot and a desktop computer are the input and output peripherals. A computer sends output through printers, while a robot sends output through arm movements and gestures.

DB

You are planning on starting your own business selling clothes. Discuss pros and cons for starting an e-business

When starting your own clothing business with e-commerce there are allot of factors which have to be taken into consideration.

Some of the cons would be:

• high prices to start your business. you would have to make an account online which would have a constant monthly fee.
• if you don't have the proper software or hardware then e commerce won't work
• along with keeping your products up to date, you have to make sure you send out the packages efficiently

Pros:

• It will help increase your market share.
• you can sell to a whole range of people, world wide and national
• economics will shoot up
• helps with sales. you don't have to find the people, the people come to you .

Ch 13 Review Question

• 2. E-commerce itself stands for electronic commerce so in that case internet is needed in order to share information easily and promote businesses. I think it can be possible without the internet by billboards and other forms of advertisements. but the internet defiantly makes it easier.
• 3. The 3 forms of E-commerce are: a) Business to buisness in which information systems in which a company handles transaction with other businesses. b) business to customer is transactions between a company and a individual. c)customer to customer are transactions between customers. Like ebay when they sell items to each other
• 4. A intranet is a internal information system based on internet activities between individuals and departments within a organization. The purpose of intranets are for clients to be able to see information online which they request.
• 5. 3 Ways companies use intranets are: a) to store information online so that clients may have access to this information for their own needs. b) with intranets easy distribution of information, team work and collaboration can take place between workers c) the intranet can be used for business transactions where people can purchase items online rahter then going to the stores
• 6. A extranet is a private interorganizational information system. In this only a few intranets are connected to each other and this isn't open to anyone who wants in. It is specifically a private system. The purpose of this is to share information among only a certian group of people.
• 7. Some of the issues a company must deal with to ensure a proper business with customers are: speed of transactions, ease of use, secure transactions and up to date product selection.
• 8. Companies that engage in e-commerce must maintain a stable, secure, environmentally sound computer room for its web sites serves and other equipment.
• 9. Some ethical issues which pop up with the use of e-commerce are: a) the statement of the organizations privacy policy b) the security of a person's statements c) a statement of how the company monitors or tracks users

Ch 12 DB

If someone discovers a cure for the common cold, should he or she hide it to protect the jobs of allt he people who work in the huge cold-medicine industry?
Identify reasons why so many people react negatively to advances in technology that eliminates some jobs.

Honestly, i think that by finding the cure to the common cold, people should publicized it. Because with finding the sure, sure some jobs might be eliminated but new jobs will come up. Like the distribution of the cure to different countries. So people should not be upset because curing the common cold will help save lives. Any thing done with a good intention, will genuinely have a good effect

.

The reason people react negatively to advances in technology is

1. they're lazy to learn how to use it
2. they might loose their jobs that require work, that technology can do itself. By the loss of jobs, people wont be able to pay their bills.

Ch 12 Review Questions

• 12. A management information system gives a manager the information he needs to make decisions regarding the operational activities of the company. It produces reports for the manager to go voer to make sure the system is running properly.
• 13. A decision support system helps a manager make semistructured decisions, such as budget planning and sales forecasting, and unstructured decisions, such as new product development and contract negotiation --- known as information tools.
• 14. A geographic information system is a special type of DSS designed to work with maps and other spatial information. A GIS would be useful to a business so that they may set up their buisnesses and have an over view of all their buildings.
• 15. Managers can use an executive information system to monitor the important economic and social trends affecting their organization, as well as the important performance measures of the company.

Ch 11 In class questions

1. Do computers increase or decrease efficiency? Explain.
2. What are some fears generated by the use of tech/computers in the work place?
3. List 3 jobs/skills that have become obsolete in the 21st century and 3 jobs/skills that have taken their place.

• Computers increase our efficiency because they help us save time with our work. They help sort information and can help find what you want faster then going through all the files manually. Also, we can email information in faster ways rather then having to print out a file and hand it to a coworker.
• Some fears generated might be the fear of computers and worries of wrist problems or eye problems and head aches and back aches. People might be fearful because they don't want to ruin their health or they might be intimidated by the new technology. A seemingly old person might not know how to properly function a computer when working and might be to shy to ask someone of a younger age.
• Milk man replaced by refrigerated delivery trucks, elevator opener replaced by automatic doors, copy boy replaced by kinkos

Chapter 11 Computers at work, school, and home

Computers has a major impact on the world today. such as:

-science

-medicine

-airlines

CAD Computers aided design

CAM Computer aided machines

Ch 11 Review Questions

• 2. The major components of a modern automated factory are robots and computers. The robots are programed to carry out certian funcations while computers help track inventory.
• 4. Telecommuting has both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages would include being able to save hours of driving in traffic and reduces the ammount of cumpuetrs and cars. Thus saving money and preventing pollution. A disadvantage would be that for a job that requires alot of communication with customers, telecommuting helps.
• 6. De-skilled is when a automated job is made simple so it requires less skill. Up-skilled is when the job requires more work because it has more parts to it like spreadsheets and databases.
• 8. Education is critical to our future as we automate more jobs because the more jobs are automated the more differnt the jobs will be. Education is critical because without proper education persuing these new jobs will be difficult. Especially with the lack of knowledge towards technology.
• 14. Along with technology, there are other aspects which need to be taken into consideration so that students may learn such as money, planning and support, and teacher training, Money is needed to fund classes, planning and support to think of the long run effects, and teacher training so that the students may be taught as effectivly as possible.
• 15. People use home computers to study online, as in taking online classes. They can also use them to socialize using such websites as facebook and myspace. Also, home computers can be used to work at home and type up reports and send emails.
• 16. A smart card is like a standard credit card but instead of a magnetic strip it has embedded memory. It is used to recieve information when inserted into a computer. They are used to replace magnetic strip cards.
• 17. Home entertainment is being changed through the use of computers. There are now simulations which can show board games and sporting events and make them seem as realisitc as ever. Also this uses state of the art technology to make the game most enjoyable for the user. People can also play games with other in different places, but through internet connection they can be playing the same game in two different areas.

Ch 10 Review Questions

• 2. It is hard to determine the extent of computer crimes because many crimes go undetected, and those detected go unreported because buisnesses will go into fear.
• 3. The typical computer criminal is a trusted employee with no criminal record. they are usually tempted by loopholes in the system. They are different then the normal steryotypes in which the criminal is outside the system and tries to break in.
• 4. Theft is the most common form of computer crime. People steal money, goods, passwords, information and resources.
• 5. Intellectual property laws give us the right to protect what is rightfully ours. They apply to software by allowing us to have log in passwords to protect our computers and laptops to protect information from being stolen.
• 6. Some sabotage software includes trojan horses, viruses, and worms. A trojan horse performs a useful task while also being secretly distructive. Viruses spread by making copies of itself from program to program.A worm is a program that travels over computer networks seeking uninfected sites.
• 7. Two inherent characteristics of computers that make security so difficult is the fact that first its impossible to remove all the bugs from the computers. Theres to many to count or even find. Second, the bigger the system is the bigger the problem. With larger computers its harder to tract the problems within it.
• 9. The First Taxpayer coppies the days worth of transactions from disk to tape to keep record, also to prevent theft. That way if anyhting has been stolen the bank has record of how much money has been taken and such details.
• 11. Smart weapons are missiles that use computered guidance to locate their targets. These are different then normal missiles that have to be aimed by the person manually. Smart weapons are a step up from what was previously used can call for better accuracy.

Article #2

http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_thelookout/20110323/bs_yblog_thelookout/facebook-kicks-off-20000-underage-users-a-day

Chapter 9 Internet

Internet: interconnected network of a thousand of networks

-impossible to measure its growth

-has no boundaries

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

- allows cross networking communication

-at the heart of the internet

-Each internet has its own IP address

-Doman name system, such as:

-.com

-.org

-.edu

Email address:

username@hostname.sub.dom

-a username is the person's mailbox

- a hostname is the name of the host

2 types of connection

-Direct connection has a fast system and stores files on the computer

-Dial up connection is a limited connection.

Top level domains

Describe 10 different top-level domains.

1. .edu

-This is used for educational sites such as colleges and schools. edu itself stands for education.

1. .com

-This is sued for commercial sites which are used for advertisements. com stands for commercial.

1. .gov

-This is used for the government such as data websites like th world fact book. gov stands for government.

1. .mil

-This is used for the military such as websites used for advertising the army. mil stands for military.

1. .net

-This is used for network administrating sites. net stand for network.

1. .org

-This is used for nonprofit organizations. Org stands for organizations.

1. .aero

-This is used for air transport organizations, which is also what it stand for.

1. .biz

-This stands for business which is exactly what it is used for.

1. .coop

-This is used for cooperative business, such as credit unions. Coop stands for cooperation.

1. .info

-This are used as informative services. info stands for information.

Chapter 9 Review Questions

2. It is hard to determine how big the internet is because it is growing so quickly by the minute to measure its growth. Also, the internet doesn't have boundaries and is decentralized. It's inability to have limits make it hard for us to measure exactly how big it can be.

3. TCP/IP's are very important for the functioning of the internet because it allows cross-network communication. Without this, the TCP/IP wouldn't be able to do its job.

4. The type of internet connection you have influences the things you do with the internet becasue depening on the connectio, you can either do more or less things. With a direct connection, computers give quick responces, and have all the files stored on the computer. Where as with dialup connection, the connection is limited.

5. With the client/server model, people can share information and files, but its mainly the server who distributes the files while the client can only look at them. The server has more power in this and both users see the information differently.

6. Email addresses and URL's are similiar becuase they both have, in a way, a domain name. email addresses and URL's both take you to the main website. Email addresses follow the host name while URL's follow the domain name (such as .edu and .com).

9. File compression is important on the internet because you want to be able to send your files easily. By compressing the files, it takes up less space and travels faster.

11. Push technology is used to have information delivered automatically to the clients computer. This is better then standard web page delivery systems, becasue the stadnard system would have to ask a request to send information, where as push technology sends it automatically.

12. By the commercialization of the internet, we are able to do better things like digital chas transactions online and search whatever we like online. There are problems with these methods though. When searching on the internet, inappropriate content might pop up, or hackers can access your bank code. These problems must be put down with passwords and filtering software.

DB #2

Suppose you have an important message to send to a friend in another city, and you can use the telephone, email, real-time teleconference, fax, or overnight mail service. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. See if you can think of a situation for each of the five options in which that particular option is the most appropriate choice.

1. Phone calling. The advantage for this would be that you can get responces from your friend at that very moment. The disadvantage would be that maybe your friend might not pick up.

2. email. The advantage would be that you can write a message as long as you want when ever you have time. The disadvantage would be waiting for the reply.

3.realtime conferencing. This would be good for relaying the message and being able to talk, the disadvantage would be that if your friend doesnt have video conference then it won't work.

4. Fax: advantage: you can send the message easily but not every one has fax and the message might get lost along the way.

5. mail. advantage: you know that your friend will receive your message and it will be saftly carried. disadvantage: you would have to wait for your mail to reach the person

Each of these option are good but some might be more reliable then others. Not everyone has money to buy real time conferencing or fax machines. This leaves phones, email, and mail. Mail would take to long, while email and phone calls would be wayu easier. With ohone calls you can talk to the person directly, and with emails you can send as big of a message as you want. Emails are better because you can send emails when ever you and your friend have time and they are more convenient.

Chapter 8

Presentation week. No review questions or homework required.

Chapter 7 Databases

-Google is a large database by Sergy Brin and Larry Page

-Database is a collection of information stored on a computer

-makes it easier to store information

-information can be organized

-Database program: a software tool for organizing the storage and retrievable info

-Data can be viewed through forms or lists

-input: retrieve data

browse: navigate through info

sort: rearrange records

-SQL structured query language: a standard language for programming

-specialized database: software preprogrammed for specific purposes

-PIM personal informational manager: electric organizer

-file manager: enables users to manipulate one file at a time

- database management system: allows you to edit more then one file a time

-relational database: a program is one that allows tables related to each other to be used

-networks make it possible for personal data to be shared

3/9/11

1. DQ: What have you done this week that directly or indirectly involved a database? How would your week have been different in a world without databases?

This week i used Google to help find ideas for my Theory Of Knowledge essay. Google is a database that i use almost on a daily basis. It has a bunch of data you can find by simple searches in the search box. You can also find a wide arrangement of data from 'how to plant flowers' to 'where to buy a new computer'.

If we did not have databases then the world would be different because there would be no main source to go to for information. There would not be anywhere to store large amounts of information either. We would have to find out a new way to store information easily that would be accessible to.